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     17 The moral bankruptcy of Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz
     18 
     19 Two of Silicon Valley’s famous venture capitalists make the case for backing
     20 Trump: that their ability to make money is the only value that matters.
     21 
     22 By [14]Elizabeth Lopatto, a reporter who writes about tech, money, and human
     23 behavior. She joined The Verge in 2014 as science editor. Previously, she was a
     24 reporter at Bloomberg.
     25 
     26 Jul 24, 2024, 12:00 PM UTC
     27 
     28 Share this story
     29 
     30     31     32     33 
     34 If you buy something from a Verge link, Vox Media may earn a commission. [19]
     35 See our ethics statement.
     36 
     37 3D illustration of a red elephant surrounded by wireframe dollar signs.
     38 In venture capital, you are what you fund. Image: Cath Virginia / The Verge
     39 3D illustration of a red elephant surrounded by wireframe dollar signs.
     40 In venture capital, you are what you fund. Image: Cath Virginia / The Verge
     41 
     42 Last week, the founders of venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz declared
     43 their allegiance to Donald Trump in their customary fashion: talking about
     44 money on a podcast.
     45 
     46 “Sorry, Mom,” Ben Horowitz says in an episode of The Ben & Marc Show. “I know
     47 you’re going to be mad at me for this. But, like, we have to do it.”
     48 
     49 Marc Andreessen and Horowitz insist they voted for Democrats until now. They
     50 are friends with liberals. They claim to be nervous about the social blowback
     51 they will receive for this, especially because of the historically progressive
     52 nature of the tech industry and the Bay Area.
     53 
     54 “It doesn’t have anything to do with the big issues that people care about.”
     55 
     56 But given the general movement among their class toward Trump, I think those
     57 claims about being nervous are overblown, if not performative. There is, for
     58 instance, Elon Musk’s [20]pro-Trump super PAC, which has support from Sequoia
     59 Capital’s Shaun Maguire and 8VC’s Joe Lonsdale, among other notables. (The Wall
     60 Street Journal reported Musk is planning to [21]donate $45 million a month,
     61 which Musk has denied.) There’s the [22]$160 million the crypto movement has
     62 put forward in support of crypto-friendly candidates. We can’t forget their VC
     63 pal [23]David Sacks speaking at the Republican National Convention. And last
     64 but not least, there’s Trump’s running mate choice of JD Vance, [24]a former
     65 venture capitalist whose firm’s investors included Peter Thiel, Eric Schmidt,
     66 and Andreessen himself.
     67 
     68 This isn’t a movement. It’s a clique.
     69 
     70 The podcast itself is an extraordinary performance. At one point, Andreessen
     71 concedes that their major problems with President Joe Biden — the ones that led
     72 them to support Trump — are what most voters would consider “subsidiary”
     73 issues. “It doesn’t have anything to do with the big issues that people care
     74 about,” he says. If we take this podcast at face value, we are to believe that
     75 these subsidiary issues are the only reason they’ve chosen to endorse and
     76 donate to Trump.
     77 
     78 These subsidiary issues take precedence for Andreessen and Horowitz over, say,
     79 mass deportations and [25]Project 2025’s attempt to end no-fault divorce. We
     80 are looking at a simple trade against personal liberty — abortion, the rights
     81 of gay and trans people, and [26]possibly democracy itself — in favor of
     82 crypto, AI, and a tax policy they like better. 
     83 
     84 For Horowitz, “probably the most emotional topic” is crypto — [27]a16z started
     85 a $4.5 billion crypto fund in 2022, and the pair believe that the Biden
     86 administration has been deeply unfair to crypto. In Horowitz’s view, the Biden
     87 administration “basically subverted the rule of law to attack the crypto
     88 industry.” 
     89 
     90 “We’re the largest crypto investors or largest blockchain investors in the
     91 world.”
     92 
     93 [28]Certainly much of the crypto industry prefers Trump. But it seems obvious
     94 that there has been a lot of [29]intra-agency squabbling as Congress dithered
     95 on passing any laws. To place the blame squarely on Biden is bizarre,
     96 particularly when we have Trump’s chaotic previous term as guidance. Sure,
     97 Trump is no longer saying Bitcoin is “[30]a scam against the dollar,” as he did
     98 in 2021; he is scheduled to speak at the Bitcoin conference this year. But his
     99 record in office is not exactly pro-crypto. During the Trump administration,
    100 financial regulator FinCEN initially asked the public to provide comments on a
    101 crypto rule change [31]over a 15-day period that included Christmas Eve,
    102 Christmas Day, New Year’s Eve, and New Year’s Day, which effectively shortened
    103 the comment window by four working days. There is also the Ripple Labs
    104 enforcement case, [32]in which the SEC is seeking a $1.95 billion fine; it,
    105 too, dates to the Trump administration. 
    106 
    107 The pair’s complaints about Gary Gensler, the current head of the Securities
    108 and Exchange Commission, are striking. They are particularly annoyed that he
    109 won’t pay attention to them. “We’re the largest crypto investors or largest
    110 blockchain investors in the world, and we’ve requested meetings with him at
    111 least a half a dozen times,” Horowitz says. Gensler has not met with them.
    112 Neither, they say, has Senator Elizabeth Warren or Biden himself.
    113 
    114 In fact, Andreessen makes it clear that he expects presidential attention,
    115 something he’s been getting since he was 23. Given the number of times
    116 Andreessen and Horowitz make references to various meetings with various
    117 politicians, it’s easy to get the impression that they are mostly insulted that
    118 they are being treated like ordinary constituents.
    119 
    120 From crypto, we move to AI, which Andreessen and Horowitz don’t think is being
    121 regulated correctly either. According to Horowitz, AI is as powerful as, or
    122 more powerful than, the internet and the global computer industry from the
    123 1950s on. “This may be the biggest technological boom of all time,” Andreessen
    124 says. 
    125 
    126 These regulations have little to do with technology and a lot to do with
    127 old-fashioned lying
    128 
    129 Andreessen says in his newsletter-cum-manifesto, “[33]The Little Tech Agenda
    130 ,” that he is worried that AI will face similar scrutiny to crypto. The FTC has
    131 [34]issued guidance to the AI industry that indicated it will pursue companies
    132 that exaggerate what their AI can do, say they are using AI when they are not,
    133 and recklessly put products on the market without properly analyzing the risks.
    134 Meanwhile, [35]the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has told lenders that
    135 they must supply a reason for a credit denial that’s better than just “[36]
    136 computer says no” when using AI models. These regulations have little to do
    137 with technology and a lot to do with old-fashioned lying.
    138 
    139 In the podcast, Andreessen and Horowitz single out [37]Biden’s executive order
    140 about artificial intelligence. The order requires companies to disclose the
    141 presence of very large models, as well as to provide the government information
    142 about what the plans are for the model, what cybersecurity measures are taken
    143 to protect those models, and the results of red-team testing for sensitive
    144 subjects, among other things. This is in keeping with Horowitz’s assertion
    145 about the seriousness of the technology. 
    146 
    147 So what’s the problem? The two focus on computing power. The disclosure
    148 requirements apply to “any model that was trained using a quantity of computing
    149 power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, or using
    150 primarily biological sequence data and using a quantity of computing power
    151 greater than 10^23 integer or floating-point operations.” Andreessen and
    152 Horowitz think specifying such a limit is ridiculous. Little tech “will be
    153 snuffed out by this kind of regulation,” Horowitz says.
    154 
    155 It is perhaps worth noting that nothing above the size specified in the
    156 executive order — the size Andreessen and Horowitz object to — [38]even exists
    157 yet, according to Arati Prabhakar, Biden’s top tech advisor.
    158 
    159 The irony is so obvious it’s almost embarrassing to point it out
    160 
    161 The fundamental complaint here is that these two believe that the Biden
    162 administration’s approach to AI “enshrine[s] the two or three companies that
    163 they believe are the only companies that matter as sort of permanent
    164 monopolies,” Andreessen says. “And they’re going to just basically destroy the
    165 startup ecosystem underneath that.” [39]Andreessen Horowitz is, of course,
    166 invested in that ecosystem, having earmarked $2.25 billion for AI applications
    167 and infrastructure.
    168 
    169 The anti-monopoly rhetoric is in keeping with a16z’s latest marketing push.
    170 According to Andreessen’s newsletter, startups are threatened by the
    171 government, which is “now far more hostile to new startups than it used to be.”
    172 Besides his objections to the way the SEC has increased its oversight of
    173 crypto, he is also upset that a stepped-up interest in antitrust has made it
    174 more difficult for him to exit investments. “Regulatory agencies are punitively
    175 blocking startups from being acquired by the same big companies the government
    176 is preferencing in so many other ways,” Andreessen writes. After all, the
    177 Federal Trade Commission [40]has launched an inquiry into Big Tech’s
    178 partnerships and investments with startups — with the goal of seeing if those
    179 partnerships squash competition. 
    180 
    181 The irony is so obvious it’s almost embarrassing to point it out. Andreessen
    182 says he is upset that Big Tech is too powerful, but he opposes antitrust action
    183 because that blocks a route for VCs to exit. Either you’re comfortable with Big
    184 Tech getting bigger, in which case acquisitions are fine, or you want little
    185 tech to be competitive, which means blocking industry consolidation. Mainly, it
    186 seems that Andreessen believes in cashing out.
    187 
    188 In the podcast, Andreessen and Horowitz pointedly name Google as a threat to
    189 startups. “Google, I think we would all agree, is more powerful than probably
    190 95 percent of countries in the world,” Horowitz says at one point. Google,
    191 specifically, is a sore spot with the right wing. Vice presidential nominee 
    192 [41]Vance has already said it should be broken up. Vance believes Google is
    193 controlling information and [42]skewing too far left. Of course, Google’s
    194 moderation policies don’t just apply to Google News — they also affect YouTube,
    195 which hosts a great many right-wing podcasts without issue.
    196 
    197 Tax reform was “the final straw for me, the thing that tipped me hard.”
    198 
    199 It’s unclear how seriously to take Andreessen and Horowitz’s complaints about
    200 Big Tech because the complaints don’t quite square with their behavior. For
    201 instance, Facebook is similarly powerful and influential, especially in AI. 
    202 [43]Andreessen sits on its board. A16z is invested in OpenAI, which has a
    203 partnership with Microsoft — and both have lobbied strenuously for more
    204 regulation around AI. It sure seems like if a16z wants to change things at
    205 those big companies, someone could simply pick up the phone.
    206 
    207 At this point in the podcast, you could squint and say maybe the concern about
    208 AI and crypto is really about technology and progress. But from those two
    209 topics, we move on to classic rich guy shit of the most tedious kind: [44]tax
    210 reform. Andreessen says it was “the final straw for me. This is the thing that
    211 tipped me hard.” They are upset about a proposal to alter capital gains taxes. 
    212 
    213 Capital gains are paid on investment assets, and they are typically paid when
    214 the investment is sold and the gains are, in industry terms, “realized.” The 
    215 [45]new Biden treasury proposal means that for people whose wealth is worth
    216 more than $100 million, any unrealized capital gains will be taxed, too. This
    217 is what has Andreessen and Horowitz in a tizzy. It means that if they own a
    218 clutch of highly valued startup shares, they will have to pay taxes on them
    219 before they cash out. This is a “very scary proposal,” Horowitz says.
    220 
    221 Startups are illiquid assets, Andreessen points out. “Startups never go up and
    222 down.  They’re never overvalued,” says Horowtiz, dryly. “There’s no bubbles.”
    223 Andreessen notes that the way the value of a startup is calculated for the
    224 purposes of this proposed tax has to do with the latest round’s valuation.
    225 
    226 “Presto chango, we’re Argentina!”
    227 
    228 Historically, one of the ways that [46]Andreessen Horowitz has approached
    229 startup investing is to inflate a company’s valuation; it is “[47]the OG when
    230 it comes to doling out speculative startup valuations.” The new proposed tax
    231 punishes this kind of behavior — a high valuation means a high tax. “This makes
    232 startups completely implausible,” says Andreessen. “Venture capital just ends.
    233 Firms like ours don’t exist.”
    234 
    235 This is followed by [48]an anxiety spiral that is sort of difficult to convey
    236 in text; I suggest you listen for yourself. “California is done,” says
    237 Andreessen. “It’s total destruction.” The taxes won’t just target the wealthy;
    238 they’ll come for everyone. “Once the structure gets established, the
    239 politicians do what they do: they’ll walk the numbers up,” Andreessen says.
    240 “Presto chango, we’re Argentina!” says Horowitz.
    241 
    242 Finally, Horowitz gets [49]ahold of himself. “By the way, this one probably
    243 won’t get all the way through the system,” he says. “But it might!”
    244 
    245 There is another issue that might cause wreckage throughout Silicon Valley. It
    246 is immigration. An awful lot of immigrants comprise Silicon Valley’s talent
    247 pool — a huge swath of engineers in the US [50]are on H-1B visas. The Trump /
    248 Vance ticket is virulently anti-immigrant.
    249 
    250 “The crypto industry is uniquely international, and so immigration law is
    251 crypto law.”
    252 
    253 The current CEOs of Google, Microsoft, Adobe, and IBM are all immigrants. So
    254 are Peter Thiel and Elon Musk. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are involved in
    255 Fwd.us, a lobbying group dedicated to immigration reform that Musk and Sacks
    256 both left. If there were an issue that would rally the people who care most
    257 about progress, innovation, and talent, you’d think protecting the immigrants
    258 who’ve built lives and careers in tech would be it.
    259 
    260 Stopping immigration is a core issue of the Trump campaign. During the
    261 Republican National Convention, delegates held up signs saying “[51]Mass
    262 Deportation Now.” Trump [52]has called the H-1B, the visa many tech workers use
    263 to come to Silicon Valley, “very bad” and “unfair” to US workers. In his
    264 previous term, he targeted H-1B visa applications specifically; in the fiscal
    265 year 2018, almost 25 percent of applications were denied, up from about 13
    266 percent the year before. In fiscal year 2019, 20 percent of H-1B applications
    267 were denied. The denials plummeted after several Trump administration rules
    268 were thrown out by courts; the denial rate in 2022 was just 2 percent.
    269 
    270 Immigration plainly matters for crypto — as [53]Ethereum founder Vitalik
    271 Buterin says, “The crypto industry is uniquely international, and so
    272 immigration law is crypto law.” Buterin is one of the most influential voices
    273 in crypto, and Ethereum is the foundation for a swath of Andreessen Horowitz’s
    274 investment portfolio. Among the investments that rely on it are MakerDAO,
    275 VeeFriends, Dapper Labs, and EigenLayer. It is remarkable that the founder of
    276 Ethereum is saying that voting for Trump is against the crypto ethos, and the
    277 big crypto investors are doing it anyway. 
    278 
    279 The word “immigration” is only mentioned by Andreessen and Horowitz in the
    280 podcast when they discuss the rally in which someone attempted an
    281 assassination: Trump had turned his head to look at a chart that [54]purported
    282 to show illegal immigration into the US as the bullet whizzed by. I wondered
    283 why such an important issue for tech wasn’t addressed, so I emailed Margit
    284 Wennmachers, a16z’s PR guru, to ask. She didn’t reply.
    285 
    286 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    287 
    288 After I finished listening to the podcast, a few things kept nagging at me.
    289 Take the very beginning of the podcast. Once upon a time, Andreessen says, you
    290 could get very rich and then give the money away in philanthropy, “and you get
    291 enormous credit for that. And, you know, it absolves you of whatever.”
    292 
    293 At some point in the last 10 years, some people suggested that maybe rich
    294 people should pay more taxes instead of giving their money away — that perhaps
    295 the whims of some random rich person are not the best way to support the most
    296 vulnerable in our society. Andreessen and Horowitz suggest that this critique
    297 of philanthropy is simply jealousy. It also unbalanced “the deal.”
    298 
    299 “The deal,” as described on the podcast, is vague. To my ear, it sounds like
    300 this: Tech companies could basically do whatever they wanted, as long as people
    301 who worked there paid high taxes and donated enough money to charitable causes.
    302 The money — taxes, donations — made them the good guys. 
    303 
    304 The one thing all these hype cycles had in common was VCs talking their books,
    305 as publicly as possible
    306 
    307 Andreessen and Horowitz point to the mid-2010s — that is, the era of low
    308 interest rates — as the time of “the deal” unraveling. Notably, this is around
    309 the time that the tech hype cycle became obvious even to people who weren’t
    310 paying attention. This year, it’s scooters! Now it’s [55]viral media companies!
    311 Now it’s metaverse! Now it’s crypto! Now it’s AI! 
    312 
    313 These ideas were more or less rejected by the market, except possibly AI. The
    314 one thing all these hype cycles had in common was VCs talking their books, as
    315 publicly as possible. That charge was led by Andreessen Horowitz.
    316 
    317 So now, instead of investing in things the market wants, Andreessen and
    318 Horowitz appear to be gambling on legislation instead. Their timing is
    319 remarkable; not even a week after their Trump endorsement, Biden dropped out of
    320 the race, rallying the Democrats behind Vice President Kamala Harris. In the
    321 hours immediately following the announcement, [56]small-money donors raised
    322 $46.7 million for her campaign. By endorsing Trump, Andreessen and Horowitz
    323 have effectively lost whatever leverage they might have had with the Harris
    324 campaign.
    325 
    326 But maybe that doesn’t matter. Near the end of the podcast, Horowitz says that
    327 he was shaken by the assassination attempt on Donald Trump because he’s friends
    328 with Ivanka, his daughter, and Jared Kushner, his son-in-law. “Ivanka and the
    329 kids were just at my house,” Horowitz says, of learning Trump was shot. “We
    330 went to see David Copperfield and all that. So my brain was almost frozen
    331 because I had this feeling about, ‘Oh my god, Grandpa just got shot.’”
    332 
    333 “Ivanka and the kids were just at my house.”
    334 
    335 [57]As for Andreessen, he has been inveighing against [58]“woke” capital,
    336 engaging in [59]Twitter culture wars, and complaining about [60]what he views
    337 as the media’s hostility to free speech for [61]a while now. In Andreessen’s
    338 2023 “[62]Techno-Optimist Manifesto,” he lists what he terms “patron saints” of
    339 the movement. They include Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, an Italian futurist who
    340 was [63]also the co-author of The Fascist Manifesto; Nick Land, [64]whose
    341 writing is a foundational text for the so-called alt-right; Neven Sesardic, a
    342 philosopher who [65]argues that race is biologically real and not socially
    343 constructed; and [66]Vilfredo Pareto, who [67]argued that [68]democracy is an
    344 illusion. 
    345 
    346 And this talk about democracy brings me to Curtis Yarvin, [69]personal friend
    347 of vice presidential candidate Vance. Yarvin, a software developer, [70]is
    348 openly anti-democracy. (Yarvin’s [71]recent newsletter, in response to Biden
    349 dropping out, enthusiastically advocates for a return to monarchy. Freak shit.)
    350 One of Yarvin’s ideas, called “retire all government employees” or RAGE, is
    351 part of [72]Project 2025, a Heritage Foundation proposal for what Trump should
    352 do if he wins. This rhetoric [73]was echoed by Vance in 2021, who called out
    353 Yarvin by name. 
    354 
    355 So this VC cabal is trading against the basic principles of America — not
    356 merely against personal freedom, but democracy itself — in the hopes of profit.
    357 It’s not the first time tech has made the trade against freedom; [74]IBM made
    358 it during the Holocaust.
    359 
    360 In venture capital, you are what you fund. Andreessen and Horowitz understand
    361 this, even embody it. But they aren’t just funding the issues they discuss on
    362 their podcast; they are funding Trump and Vance. That means those donations are
    363 anti-abortion, anti-immigration, and possibly even anti-democracy because that
    364 is what the Trump / Vance ticket stands for. These are not subsidiary issues:
    365 these are now what two of Silicon Valley’s most prominent figures now stand
    366 for, too. Is that a good investment?
    367 
    368 Correction July 24: An earlier version of this article misstated the donation
    369 strategy of a crypto super PAC. The group also spends money on Democratic
    370 candidates, not just right-wing ones.
    371 
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    474 References:
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    476 [1] https://www.theverge.com/2024/7/24/24204706/marc-andreessen-ben-horowitz-a16z-trump-donations#content
    477 [2] https://www.theverge.com/
    478 [3] https://www.theverge.com/
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