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527 lines
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[2] Ed Zitron's Where's Your Ed At
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• [13]Home
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[19]Newsletter
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The Rot Economy
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[20]Ed Zitron Feb 9, 2023 13 min read
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At the center of everything I’ve written for the last few months (if not the
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last few years), sits a cancerous problem with the fabric of how capital is
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deployed in modern business. Public and private investors, along with the
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markets themselves, have become entirely decoupled from the concept of what
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“good” business truly is, focusing on one metric — one truly noxious metric —
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over all else: growth.
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“Growth” in this case is not necessarily about being “bigger” or “better,” it
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is simply “more.” It means that the company is generating more revenue, higher
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valuations, gaining more market share, and then finding more ways to generate
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these things. Businesses are expected to be - and rewarded for being - eternal
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burning engines of capital that create more and more shareholder value while,
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hopefully, providing a service to a customer in the process. In the public
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markets, that means that[21] companies like Google, Meta, and Microsoft were
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rewarded for [22]having unfocused, capital-intensive businesses that required
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mass layoffs when times got tough, because the market loved the idea that
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they’d found a way to save money. They weren’t punished for their poor
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planning,[23] their stagnating products, their mismanagement of human capital,
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or their general lack of any real innovation because the numbers kept going up.
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[24]Subscribe
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[25]When I wrote in October that Mark Zuckerberg was going to kill his company,
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the street responded in kind, savaging Meta’s stock for burning cash building a
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metaverse that was never going to exist. Yet once Zuckerberg fired 11,000
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people and claimed that 2023 would be the “[26]year of efficiency,” the market
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responded with double-digit increases in the price of Meta’s shares, despite
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the fact that Facebook’s active user growth declined and they[27] lost $13.7
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billion on the same metaverse department that caused the stock to drop the last
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time.
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The markets[28] seemed to ignore the $410 million fine that Meta received for
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GDPR violations, along with the fact that European users will now have to
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deliberately opt-in to sharing their data - which is bad, considering only
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about[29] 25% of iOS users choose to opt-in to app tracking, and their business
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model is intrinsically linked to the repurposing of customer data into ad
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targeting telemetry.
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Let’s be abundantly clear: Meta’s core advertising models depend heavily on
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things that likely become impossible to do legally (or even technically, given
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Apple’s App Tracking Transparency, Alphabet’s retirement of the third-party
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tracking cookie, and the Chromium Project’s planned blocking of non-cookie
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fingerprinting technologies) in the next decade. Their other products simply do
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not make that much money. Their CEO’s big idea to make more money has lost them
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billions of dollars, and likely won’t make them any for quite some time. Yet
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Meta remains beloved, because the numbers are going up.
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Killing Innovation
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Google has a similar yet slightly different story, where their core product -
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search - has gone from a place where you find information to an
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increasingly-manipulated labyrinth of SEO-optimized garbage shipped straight
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from the content factories.[30] As Charlie Warzel put it last year: “Google
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Search, what many consider an indispensable tool of modern life, is dead or
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dying.” Users have to effectively find cheat codes - adding things like “
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[whatever you’re searching]+Reddit” to get reliable answers. Despite its
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decades-long efforts to improve the quality of organic results, Google remains
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easily-gamed by anyone who knows how to craft an algorithm-friendly headline.
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Without finding a way to negotiate with Google Search, you’re offered a
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fragmented buffet of content provided by Google’s algorithm, either based on
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how much they’ve been paid to prioritize said content or by how companies have
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engineered content to rank higher on search. Google no longer provides the
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“best” result or answer to your query - it provides the answer that it believes
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is most beneficial or profitable to Google. Google Search provides a “free”
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service, but the cost is a source of information corrupted by a profit-seeking
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entity looking to manipulate you into giving money to the profit-seeking
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entities that pay them.
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The net result is a product that completely sucks. “Googling” something is now
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an exercise in pain, regularly leading you to generic Search Engine Optimized
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content that doesn’t actually answer your question. Google’s push to
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hyper-optimization has also led it to serve results based on what it *thinks*
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people mean, rather than what they actually said. It’s frustrating, upsetting
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and annoying. A problem that likely hits hundreds of millions of people a day,
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yet Google doesn’t have to change a thing, because the street likes that they
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have found more innovative ways to get blood from a stone. These moves are
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unquestionably hurting Google, to the point that Microsoft’s Bing (paired with
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OpenAI’s ChatGPT), has gained major[31] headlines for providing the service
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that everybody wished Google would.
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That’s because Google has, like every major tech company, focused entirely on
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what will make revenues increase, even if the cost of doing so is destroying
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its entire legacy.[32] Google has announced their own “Bard AI” to compete with
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Bing’s ChatGPT integration, and I’ll be honest - I feel a little crazy that
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nobody is saying the truth, which is that Google broke the product that made
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them famous and is now productizing fixing their own problem as innovation.
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That’s because the markets do not prioritize innovation, or sustainable growth,
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or stable, profitable enterprises. As a result, companies regularly do not
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function with the intent of making “good” businesses - they want businesses
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that semiotically align with what investors - private and public - believe to
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be “good.”
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Despite its ubiquity, companies like Uber should not exist. Uber has not made a
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profit from its businesses. They had a net loss of 1.21 billion last quarter,
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yet the street fell over itself to praise the company because “[33]gross
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bookings grew 19% year-over-year” for their unprofitable businesses that
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largely hinge upon the government failing to impose sensible labor laws,[34] a
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con that will eventually come to an end, and indeed, has ended in some
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territories like the UK, where Uber drivers are now recognized as employees,
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and are therefore entitled to pensions, paid vacation time, and a minimum wage.
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London, I note, is one of Uber’s most important markets.
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Yet as of writing, Uber’s stock is up 5%.
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The media itself somewhat fuels this economy of growth-mongering. CNBC reports
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earnings like many other media entities, but their[35] reports on, say, Uber
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fail to acknowledge the fact that Uber has spent nearly 15 years burning money.
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It has never turned a profit. Even with its push into freight and food
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delivery, it may never turn a profit,[36] no matter how much it contorts its
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financials to pretend otherwise. Yet acknowledging the truth is that much worse
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because Uber will not be killed, because people keep buying the stock, because
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it is a “valuable company” in the eyes of markets that have fucking cataracts.
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This is why we see such vast oscillations of hiring and firing - because these
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companies are never, ever punished for failing to operate their businesses in a
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sustainable way, or even with a view for the future, particularly when it comes
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to macroeconomic trends that literally everyone else saw coming.
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Their business models were predicated on an endless supply of cheap money, even
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though the Fed steadily ratcheted interest rates in the years leading up to the
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Covid pandemic, only slashing them to mitigate the pain of Covid and (to a
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lesser extent) the US-China trade war.. The specter of inflation reared its
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ugly head as early as 2020, first driven by the lockdown-induced chaos on
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supply chains, and then exacerbated further by the war in Ukraine, the
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collateral damage of China’s Zero Covid policy, and a chronic labor shortage in
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most industrialized countries.
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The markets do not react when they are mass-hiring people to capture consumer
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demand. They do not react to the fact that Microsoft, for example,[37] seems to
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be[38] laying[39] off[40] people[41] almost every year. In 2020, CEO Satya
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Nadella called for a “[42]referendum on capitalism,” telling businesses to
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start to grade themselves on the “wider economic benefits they bring to
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society, rather than profits.” To be clear,[43] this was four months after
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Microsoft laid off 1000 people,[44] one year before they hired 23,000 people,
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and a few months after which they laid off 10,000 people to “[45]deliver
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results on an ongoing basis, while investing in [their] long-term opportunity.”
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Where’s Your Ed At is a free newsletter, but if you like my work and want to
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kick me a few dollars, [46]you can do so here. I really appreciate your
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support.
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Everything Ventured, Nothing Gained
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Before these companies reach the public markets, they are fueled by an even
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more violently reckless form of funding - venture capital. Venture capitalists
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are regularly incentivized to create businesses that look valuable but aren’t
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necessarily of value.[47] When I wrote about the Liches of Silicon Valley last
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year, I remarked upon how many valley companies experience volatile, erosive
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cycles of growth with the goal of being acquired or going public, burning as
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much venture capital as it takes to find an outcome:
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They repeat a very specific cycle - company is[48] the next big thing,
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company is[49] now worth over a billion dollars,[50] company is
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experiencing “unheard of growth” (with no question as to whether they are
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sustainable or profitable),[51] company is now challenging ‘the big dogs’
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of industry,[52] a little M&A,[53] an absolutely insane valuation, and then
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a sudden realization that actually,[54] perhaps this wasn’t a good business
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at all? I am hammering on TechCrunch links here because I am being lazy -
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they are far from the only outlet to assume that a company like Brex would
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not simply run itself into the ground through virtue of existing - but the
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path is always the same - growth, growth, growth, legitimization, growth,
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growth, acquisition, and then an eventual reckoning with real life.
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Venture pumps millions or billions of dollars into ideas that might sell a
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product or a service, but ultimately resemble things that can be sold to other
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companies or put on the public market for a profit higher than what was paid on
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a per-share basis. I once suggested that Silicon Valley conflated “making great
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ideas work” with “making ideas I like work,” but on consideration, many of
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these companies aren’t even things venture capitalists like - they are things
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that resemble things that they can sell. Do I genuinely believe that everyone
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who invested into the Web3 grift was a strident believer in the brave new
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decentralized economy? Hell no. They just went where the winds blew — or where
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they seemed to be blowing.
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Andreessen Horowitz was the lead participant in arguably the biggest con in
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venture capital, pumping billions into Web3 companies that didn’t have any real
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product, but[55] stapled together enough buzzwords and websites to resemble
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actual entities. A16Z found a way to vastly accelerate the
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idea-to-business-to-profit cycle of venture. Despite claiming it was “[56]Time
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To Build” in 2020, Andreessen Horowitz realized that there wasn’t ever really
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much of a need to build at all - you could create things that semiotically
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aligned with what “valuable” looked like and profit off of that. While the
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public markets may (at least, before the rise of the SPAC) have required some
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sort of business - even if said business wasn’t graded on being a “good” one -
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the cryptocurrency markets allowed the vaguest of ideas to get even vaguer
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valuations.
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This same insipid thought process applies to the rest of their portfolio too.
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Adam Neumann,[57] a guy who is most famous for running WeWork into the ground,
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got a second at-bat with his new startup “Flow,” a company that Neumann is
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still not able to fully describe, but that may involve you renting to own an
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apartment that Flow owns somewhere at some point. Just like Silicon Valley
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can’t help itself from reinventing the bus, Neuman is seemingly attempting to
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reinvent the rental market — a diseased, exploitative industry in its own right
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— in his own image. He’s replacing one cancer with another, only even more
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aggressive and metastatic.
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Neumann was, is, and will always be full of shit. Appropriately, in[58] a video
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A16Z released yesterday, Neumann used the following analogy to describe Flow:
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The founder turned to a toilet metaphor to explain one aspect of his idea
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of ownership. “If you’re in an apartment building, and you’re a renter, and
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your toilet gets clogged, you call the super,” he said. In contrast, “if
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you’re in your own apartment, and you bought it and you own it and your
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toilet gets clogged, you take the plunger.” For Neumann, fixing up your own
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apartment means shifting from “being transactional to actually being part
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of a community” and “feeling like you own something.”
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In a functioning society, Adam Neumann would not be given a single dollar. This
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quote proves that he has never unclogged a toilet, because in the event that
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you could unclog your toilet in an apartment you rented, you’d probably do it.
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If the clog was so severe it required the super, you would probably still call
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a plumber if you owned the place, because your nasty business has created a
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problem you cannot solve.
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What I am suggesting is that Adam Neumann doesn’t know anything about home
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ownership, or unclogging toilets, or toilets, or the regular experience of
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being a human. Yet he is given unfathomable amounts of capital to address
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problems related to these things, because he has the resemblance of the kind of
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messianic white guy that is able to take a product and sell it,[59] even if he
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is quite literally the guy who failed to do this before.
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Neumann turned a (nominally) $47bn company into a $2.9bn company. In a sane and
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just world, he wouldn’t see a dollar of funding for the rest of his life.
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There are tons of other examples of colossally stupid assholes and stupid ideas
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getting money.[60] As I wrote about on Monday, the largest investment rounds of
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the last few years have gone to companies that got obscene valuations based on
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nothing other than a vague sense of them “looking like a winner.” There is no
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reason[61] a weight loss app should need $540 million to operate - that is not
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a sustainable enterprise considering[62] the entire weight loss industry is
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worth about $3.8 billion. Clubhouse was never worth the billions of dollars
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pumped into it,[63] considering the [64]entire radio industry only makes about
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$12 billion a year combined. While capital is required to get a company off the
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ground, the only way to justify these massive surges of capital is that venture
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capitalists are putting companies on life support in the hopes that they can
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flog them for a profit.
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And this corrosive capital system gets continually rewarded. Companies like
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Uber are taken public,[65] making massive windfalls for venture capitalists
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without[66] ever having to run a profitable business.[67] Venture capitalists
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crammed $41 billion into crypto in the space of 18 months, despite there being
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no real use cases for crypto.[68] Metaverse companies raised $120 billion in
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2022 for a concept that has yet to really exist, and perhaps never will. Yet
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these concepts get vast amounts of money because venture capitalists are
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incentivized to pump cash into “good companies to invest in” over “good
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companies.”
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━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
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As my friend [69]Kasey put it in a recent conversation, growth is a fire. If
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you build a nice, sustainable fire, it’ll keep you warm, cook food and sustain
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life. And if the only thing you care about is how big your fire is, then it’ll
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set fire to everything around it, and the more you throw into it, the more
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it’ll burn. Eventually, you’ll have nothing left, but if you desperately desire
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that fire, you will constantly have to find new things to burn at any cost.
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And we, societally, have turned our markets and businesses - private and public
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- over to arsonists. We have created conditions where we celebrate people for
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making “big” companies but not “good” companies.
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Venture capital and the public markets don’t actually reward or respect “good”
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businesses or “good” CEOs - they reward people that can steer the kind of
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growth that raises the value of an asset. Elon Musk’s success with Tesla didn’t
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come from the inarguable point that he ended the monopoly of the internal
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combustion engine - it came from his[70] canny manipulation of the symbolic
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value of a stock through lies and half-truths, meaning that there was always a
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perpetual reason that Tesla was a “growth” company and a “good stock to buy.”
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[71] Sundar Pichai isn’t paid $280 million a year because he’s a “good CEO.”
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After all, Google has all but destroyed its search product. He’s paid because
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he finds ways to increase the overall growth of the company [72](even while
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their cloud division still loses money), and thus the stock goes up.
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The consequences are that these companies will continue to invest in things
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that grow the overall revenue of the company over all else. They will mass-hire
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and mass-fire, because there are no consequences when the markets don’t really
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care as long as the company itself stays valuable. Venture capitalists
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certainly don’t mind - after all, it’s “less burn” to “get you through” tough
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climates that were arguably created by the poor hiring decisions of a company
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that was never incentivized to hire sustainably or operate profitably.
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Until we see a seismic shift in how major investors treat the companies they
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invest in, this cycle will continue. I guarantee that we will see each and
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every one of the companies doing mass layoffs do mass-hirings in the next few
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years, and then do another mass layoff not long after, because they are simply
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treating human capital as assets to be manipulated to increase the value of a
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stock. They are not structured to evaluate whether the business is
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“sustainable,” because their only interest is seeing their current profits grow
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by multiples that please Wall Street.
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“Good companies” should not have to repeatedly lay people off. They should not
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be mass-hiring for fear that the demand they are capturing is temporary, and
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those new employees will soon find themselves at the receiving end of a pink
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slip.
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The lens through which we evaluate businesses is cracked, and until we fix it,
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we will continue to experience these punishing cycles of binging and purging on
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human capital.
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This is the problem at the center of almost everything I’ve written. Why are
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bosses mad they can’t bring people back to the office? Because their alignment
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of business success isn’t really tied to profit or “success,” but rather the
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sense that they are “big” and “successful,” which requires a bustling workplace
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and “ideas.”
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Why did billions of dollars get pumped into crypto’s countless non-companies?
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Because “success” as defined by capital has been reframed to mean “number go
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up.” As a notion, it is divorced from any long-term thinking, fiscal probity,
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or even what you and I would call “morality.”
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Why did these companies never seem to get blamed for hiring and then quickly
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firing tens of thousands of people? Because at the heart of the business media
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and the markets, workers were necessary casualties of the eternal struggle for
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growth. Layoffs are inevitably reported as a large number (“10,000 employees at
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Microsoft”), which makes it all too easy to remove the human element. When
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confronted with numbers of this scale, it’s easy to ignore the individual human
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agony that comes with losing a job. The uncertainty and shame that follows a
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firing.
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The truth is that nothing lasts forever. Companies can (and should) die — or,
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at the very least, understand that there is an inevitable limit to growth, and
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eventually they must reconcile with being a stable, albeit plateaued, business.
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A product may be profitable for a while, but there is a line at which
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profitability comes at the cost of functionality, and your company may simply
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not be able to grow more. A business that cannot generate profit is not a good
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business, and a business that can never generate a profit deserves to die.
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And the net result of all of this is that it kills innovation. If capital is
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not invested in providing a good service via a profitable business, it will
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never sustain things that are societally useful. Companies are not incentivized
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to provide better services or improve lives outside of ways in which they can
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drain more blood from consumers. And the street doesn’t care either - just look
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at Facebook and Instagram, two products that have grown endlessly profitable
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and utterly useless in the process.
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If capital wishes to call labor entitled, capital must acknowledge that it is
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the most entitled creature in society, craving eternal growth at the cost of
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the true value of any given service or entity.
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[73]Subscribe
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Share
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[74] [75] [76] [77]
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About the author
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[79]Ed Zitron
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[80]View all
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Comments
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Editor’s Note: Due to the length of this piece, you may need to click a button
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Welcome to Where's Your Ed At!
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Subscribe today. It's free. Please.
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